Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Review and Update on Etiopathogenesis and Treatment Modalities

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a major health problem for male above 50 years and increasing of age. It leads to different lower urinary tract problems including urgency, frequency, incomplete voiding and residual urine, recurrent Urinary tract Infection(UTI) etc and may even progress to prostatic cancer in some cases. The major cause of this BEP is proliferation of prostate smooth muscle, glands due to activation of metabolite of male hormone 5 Di Hydroxy Testosterone(DHT). Other risk factors include increasing age, genetic factors, obesity, excess testosterone, inflammation, trace elements zinc, vitamin D etc. The treatment modalities include alpha adrenergic, anti DHT drugs, laser therapy and Trans Urethral Resection of Prostate (TURP). These measures lead to improve qualities of many patients but no improvement or even worse in others. Review of literatures highlighted some important risk factors, some at molecular level, combined alternative drug management for BPH and molecular mechanism involved in BEP. Hopefully these will lead to a better understanding of etiopathology of BEP, treatment modalities and open research avenues to define better preventive strategies for management of BEP.